第07讲 阅读理解说明文（练习）（学生版）.docxVIP

第07讲阅读理解说明文

目录

01模拟基础练

【题型一】科普类说明文的考查

【题型二】动植物介绍类说明文的考查

【题型三】社会文化类说明文的考查

02重难创新练

03真题实战练

题型一科普类说明文的考查

1.（23-24高三·江西赣州·期中）In2022,aNewZealandwomanbecamethefirsttoreceiveagene-editingtreatmenttopermanentlylowerhercholesterol(胆固醇).Thewomanhadheartdisease,alongwithaninheritedriskforhighcholesterol.Butscientistsbehindtheexperimentaltreatmentareconsideringhowitcouldhelpprettymuchanyone.

ThetrialisapotentialturningpointforCRISPR,theeditingtooltheyused.Sincethetechnologywasfirstprogrammedtoeditgenomes(基因组)aboutadecadeago,we’veseenCRISPRfromscientificlabsmademuchprogress.Butthefirstexperimentaltreatmentshavefocusedonraregeneticdisorders.Theyareworkingonmorepossibilitiestreatingcommondiseaselikehighcholesterol.

Thecholesterol-loweringtreatment,developedbyVerveTherapeutics,reliesonaformofgeneeditingcalledbaseediting,or“CRISPR2.0”.It’samoretargetedapproach.Insteadofsimplymakingcutstoshutoffspecificgenes,scientistscannowexchangeasingleDNAbaseforanother.Intheory,thisshouldbesaferbecauseyou’relesslikelytocutanimportantgenebymistake,andyoucanbelesslikelytomakemistakesthatmayoccurwhenDNArepairsitselfafterbeingcut.

AnevennewerformofCRISPRcouldtakethingsfurtherstill.PrimeEditing—or“CRISPR3.0”—allowsscientiststoputchunks(块)ofDNAintoagenome.Ifitworksinpeople,itcouldletscientistsreplacedisease-causinggenes.

Together,thesenewerformsofCRISPRcouldbroadenthepossibilitiesofgeneeditingtotakeonmanyconditions—notallofthemgenetic.Someday,peoplemayhavetheoptiontoaddgenesthoughttoprotectagainsthighbloodpressure,orcertaindiseases,totheirgeneticcode.

AllCRISPRtreatmentsareexperimentalatthispoint,andwedon’tknowifthey’resafe.Someargueweshouldfocusontreatingthosewithseverediseasesinthemeantime.Buti