核心素养测评（必修第二册Unit2WildlifeProtection）.docxVIP

核心素养测评(30分钟35分)

八必修第二册Unit2WildlifeProtection

Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2.5分,满分20分)

A

(2025·广东模拟)

Whenstressedout,manyofusturntojunkfoodlikedeep-friedfoodforcomfort.Butanewstudyfoundthatinanimals,ahigh-fatdietdisturbsresidentgutbacteria(肠道细菌),changesbehaviorand,throughacomplexpathwayconnectingtheguttothebrain,influencesbrainchemicalsinwaysthatfuelanxiety.

“Everyoneknowsthatthesearenothealthyfoods,butwetendtothinkaboutthemstrictlyintermsofalittleweightgain,”saidleadauthorChristopherLowry.“Ifyouunderstandthattheyalsoimpactyourbraininawaythatcanpromoteanxiety,thatmakestheriskevenhigher.”

Lowry’steamdividedmiceintotwogroups:Halfgotastandarddietofabout11%fatfornineweeks;theothersgotahigh-fatdietof45%fat,consistingmostlyoffatfromanimalproducts.ThetypicalAmericandietisabout36%fat,accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.

Whencomparedtothecontrolgroup,thegroupeatingahigh-fatdiet,notsurprisingly,gainedweight.Buttheanimalsalsoshowedsignificantlylessdiversityofgutbacteria.Generallyspeaking,morebacterialdiversityisassociatedwithbetterhealth,Lowryexplained.Thehigh-fatdietgroupalsoshowedhigherexpressionofthreegenes(tph2,htr1a,andslc6a4)involvedinproductionandsignalingofthebrainchemicalcalledserotonin(血清素)—particularlyinaregionofthecentralpartofthebrainknownasthedorsalraphenucleuscDRD,whichisassociatedwithstressandanxiety.Whileserotoninisoftenregardedasa“feel-goodbrainchemical”,Lowrynotesthatcertainpartsinthebrain,whenactivated,touchoffanxiety-likeresponsesinanimals.Especially,heightenedexpressionoftph2inthecDRDhasbeenassociatedwithmooddisordersinhumans.

“Tothinkthatjustahigh-fatdietcouldchangeexpressionofthesegenesinthebrainisextraordinary,”saidLowry.“Thehigh-fatgroupessentiallyha