颅面部的生长发育.pptVIP

颅面部的生长发育;;;一、概述;Thepatternofgrowthreferstothechangeinthesespatialproportionsovertime.Figureillustratethechangeinoverallbodyproportionsthatoccursduringnormalgrowthanddevelopment.Infetallife,ataboutthethirdmonthofintrauterinedevelopment,theheadtakesupalmost50%ofthetotalbodylength,thecraniumislargerelativetothefaceandrepresentsmorethanhalfthetotalhead.;Bythetimeofbirth,thetrunkandlimbshavegrownfasterthantheheadandface,sothattheproportionoftheentirebodydevotedtotheheadhasdecreasedtoabout30%.Theoverallpatternofgrowththereafterfollowsthiscourse,withaprogressivereductionoftherelativesizeoftheheadtoabout12%oftheadult.;Ofallthesechanges,whichareapartofthenormalgrowthpattern,reflectthe“cephalocaudalgradientofgrowth”.Thissimplymeansthatthereisanaxisofincreasedgrowthextendingfromtheheadtowardthefeet.;从胎儿2个月至25岁身体各部分百分比变化（RobbinsWJ，1928）;;;;;;;遗传与个体发育（individualdevelopment);Animportantaspectofpatternisitspredictability.Achangeingrowthpatternwouldindicatesomealterationintheexpectedchangesinbodyproportions.

Asecondimportantconceptisvariability.Obviously,everyoneisnotalikeinonewaythattheygrowasineverythingelse.;Anotheraspectofthenormalgrowthisthatnotallthetissuesystemsofthebodygrowatthesamerate.Obviously,themuscularandskeletalelementsgrowfasterthanthebrainandcentralnervoussystem,asreflectedintherelativedecreaseofheadsize.Theinfanthasarelativelymuchlargercraniumandamuchsmallerfacewhencomparedwithanadult.Thischangeinproportionality,isanimportantaspectofthepatternoffacialgrowth.Themandible,beingfurtherawayfromthebrain,tendstogrowmoreandlaterthanthemaxilla,whichiscloserto.;;上下颌骨旳生长曲线（Proffit，W.R，1986）;Differentialgrowthratefordifferentbodytissues.

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