机械设计手册26663_yg8.pdfVIP

906STANDARDTAPERS

STANDARDTAPERS

StandardTapers

Certaintypesofsmalltoolsandmachineparts,suchastwistdrills,endmills,arbors,

lathecenters,etc.,areprovidedwithtapershankswhichfitintospindlesorsocketsofcor-

respondingtaper,thusprovidingnotonlyaccuratealignmentbetweenthetoolorotherpart

anditssupportingmember,butalsomoreorlessfrictionalresistancefordrivingthetool.

Thereareseveralstandardsfor“self-holding”tapers,buttheAmericanNational,Morse,

andtheBrownSharpearethestandardsmostwidelyusedbyAmericanmanufacturers.

Thenameself-holdinghasbeenappliedtothesmallertapers—liketheMorseandthe

BrownSharpe—because,wheretheangleofthetaperisonly2or3degrees,theshankof

atoolissofirmlyseatedinitssocketthatthereisconsiderablefrictionalresistancetoany

forcetendingtoturnorrotatethetoolrelativetothesocket.Theterm“self-holding”isused

todistinguishrelativelysmalltapersfromthelargerorself-releasingtype.Amilling

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machinespindlehavingataperof3⁄inchesperfootisanexampleofaself-releasing

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taper.Theincludedangleinthiscaseisover16degreesandthetoolorarborrequiresapos-

itivelockingdevicetopreventslipping,buttheshankmaybereleasedorremovedmore

readilythanonehavingasmallertaperoftheself-holdingtype.

MorseTaper.—DimensionsrelatingtoMorsestandardtapershanksandsocketsmaybe

foundinanaccompanyingtable.ThetaperfordifferentnumbersofMorsetapersisslightly

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different,butitisapproximately⁄inchperfootinmostcases.Thetablegivestheactual

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tapers,