水利水电专业毕业论文文献翻译中英文对照[管理资料].pdfVIP

Dam

NileRiversometimebefore4000.ItwasusedtodiverttheNileand

istheAlmanzaDaminSpain,whichwasconstructedinthesixteenth

haveimproved.Makingpossibletheerectionofsuchlargedamsasthe

NurekDam,whichisbeingconstructedinthe.onthevakshRivernear

androckfill.Thefailureofadammaycauseseriouslossoflifeand

property;consequently,thedesignandmaintenanceofdamsare

commonlyundergovernmentsurveillance.IntheUnitedStatesover

DamsSafetyAct(PL92-367)requiresperiodicinspectionsofdamsby

qualifiedexperts.ThefailureoftheTetonDaminIdahoinJune1976

addedtotheconcernfordamsafetyintheUnitedStates.

1TypeofDams

Damsareclassifiedonthetypeandmaterialsofconstruction,as

gravity,arch,buttress,andearth.Thefirstthreetypesareusually

constructedofconcrete.Agravitydamdependsonitsownweightfor

Archdamstransmitmostofthehorizontalthrustofthewaterbehind

comparablegravitydams.Archdamscanbeusedonlyinnarrowcanyons

wherethewallsarecapableofwithstandingthethrustproducedbythe

type,whichconsistsofslopingflatslabssupportedatintervalsby

buttresses.Earthdamsareembankmentsofrockorearthwithprovision

forcontrollingseepagebymeansofdammaybeincludedinasingle

structure.Curveddamsmaycombinebothgravityandarchactionto

achievestability.Longdamsoftenhaveaconcreteriversection

theremainderoftheirlength.

bothengineeringfeasibilityandcost.Feasibilityisgovernedby

topography,geologyandclimate.Forexample,becauseconcretespalls

withthinconcretesectionaresometimesavoidedinareassubjectto

extremecold.Therelativecostofthevarioustypesofdamsdepends

accessibilityoftransportationfacilities.Damsaresometimesbuiltin

thefirststage.

theroadway,orspillwaycrest,andthelowestpartoftheexcavated

foundation.However,figuresquotedforheightsofdamsareoften

istakenasthenetheightabovetheoldriverbed.

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