研究生学术综合英语上册Unit1-4课文及翻译全---请叫我雷锋教程文件.pdfVIP

研究生学术综合英语

上册Unit1-4课文及

翻译全请叫我雷

锋

Unit1

PresentingaSpeech

StephenLucas

Ofallhumancreations,languagemaybethemostremarkable.Throughlanguage

weshareexperiences,formulatevalues,exchangeideas,transmitknowledge,and

sustainculture.Indeed,languageisvitaltothinkingitself.Contrarytopopular

belief,languagedoesnotsimplymirrorrealitybutalsohelpstocreateoursenseof

realitybygivingmeaningtoevents.

Goodspeakershaverespectforlanguageandknowhowitworks.Wordsarethe

toolsofaspeaker’scraft.Theyhavespecialuses,justlikethetoolsofanyother

profession.Asaspeaker,youshouldbeawareofthemeaningsofwordsandknow

howtouselanguageaccurately,clearly,vividly,andappropriately.

sure,lookupthewordinadictionary.Asyouprepareyourspeeches,askyourself

constantly,WhatdoIreallywanttosay?WhatdoIreallymean?“”Choosewordsthat

arepreciseandaccurate.

Usinglanguageclearlyallowslistenerstograspyourmeaningimmediately.Youcan

nospecializedbackground;bychoosingconcretewordsinpreferencetomoreabstract

ones,andbyeliminatingverbalclutter.

Usinglanguagevividlyhelpsbringyourspeechtolife.Onewaytomakeyour

languagemorevividisthroughimagery,orthecreationofwordpictures.Youcan

developimagerybyusingconcretelanguage,simile,andmetaphor.Simileisan

explicitcomparisonbetweenthingsthatareessentiallydifferentyethavesomething

incommon;italwayscontainsthewords“like”oras.“”Metaphorisanimplicit

comparisonbetweenthingsthataredifferentyethavesomethingincommon;itdoes

notcontainthewordslike“”oras.“”

Anotherwaytomakeyourspeechesvividisbyexploitingtherhythmoflanguage.

consonantsoundsofcloseoradjoiningwords.Antithesisisthejuxtapositionof

contrastingideas,usua