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A:FundamentalsofSingle-chipMicrocomputer

Thesingle-chipmicrocomputeristheculminationofboththe

developmentofthedigitalcomputerandtheintegratedcircuitarguably

thetowmostsignificantinventionsofthe20thcentury[1].

Thesetowtypesofarchitecturearefoundinsingle-chip

microcomputer.Someemploythesplitprogram/datamemoryofthe

Harvardarchitecture,shownin-5A,othersfollowthephilosophy,widely

adaptedforgeneral-purposecomputersandmicroprocessors,ofmakingno

logicaldistinctionbetweenprogramanddatamemoryasinthePrinceton

architecture,shownin-5A.

Ingeneraltermsasingle-chipmicrocomputerischaracterizedby

theincorporationofalltheunitsofacomputerintoasingledevice,as

showninFig3-5A-3.

Program

memoryInput

Output

CPUunit

Data

memory

-5A-1AHarvardtype

Input

CPUOutput

memory

unit

-5A.AconventionalPrincetoncomputer

ExternalSystemTimer/

TimingclockCounter

components

SerialI/O

Reset

ROM

Prarallel

I/O

Interrupts

RAM