国际结算演变：从易货到非现金结算.pptx

now,IwillintroducetheEvolutionofit.InternationalSettlement

Evolutionoftheinternationalsettlement1.Bartertransaction（易货交易）TraderinLondonTraderinNewYorkCornCottonUniversalequivalentsPreciousmetalscash

Evolutionoftheinternationalsettlement2.Cashsettlements（现金结算）ExporterinLondonImporterinNewYorkCornCashDisadvantages:risky,expensive,time-consuming

Evolutionoftheinternationalsettlement3.Non-cashsettlements(directly)（直接的票据结算）ExporterinLondonImporterinNewYorkImporterinLondonExporterinNewYorkCornBillCashCottonBillBillCashDisadvantage:infeasible

EvolutionoftheinternationalsettlementNon-cashsettlementsthroughbanks(indirectly)（间接票据结算）ExporterinLondonImporterinNewYorkBankinLondonBankinNewYorkCornBillBillBillCashFundstransferthroughA/Cbankservices:financingguaranteeconsultingCashfundstransfer

MeaningofInternationalSettlementthefinancialactivitiesconductedamongdifferentcountriesinwhichpaymentsareeffectedorfundsaretransferredfromonecountrytoanotherinordertosettleclaimsanddebts,emergedinthecourseofpolitical,economicorculturalcontactsamongthem.国际支付与结算是各国之间进行的金融活动，它涉及一个国家向另一个国家支付款项或转移资金以清算各国在政治、经济、文化往来过程中所产生的账户和债权、债务。

Accrodingtotherelationofthedebt,wecanclassifyitintwoparts,now,wejustintroducethetradesettlement.TradesettlementNon-tradesettlementtherearesomekindofthetradesettlementinthefollowingsection.

Tradesettlement

Settlementinstruments（结算工具）negotiableinstruments（票据）billofexchanges（汇票）promissorynotes（本票）cheques（支票）

TradesettlementPaymentmethods（结算方式）Remittance（汇款）paymentinadvance（预付货款）openaccount（货到付款/赊销）Collection（托收）Documentaryletterofcredit（跟单信用证）Letterofguarantee（保函)Standbycredit（备用信用证）Factoring（保理）Forfeiting（福费廷/包买票据）

Documentsrelatedtopayments（结算中的单据）Documentoftitle（物权凭证）billoflading（提单）Docume