精益企业的基本原则.pdf

Deborah Nightingale ? 2002 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1 Fundamentals of Lean Professor Deborah Nightingale September 9, 2002 Deborah Nightingale ? 2002 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2 Lean is a New Approach to Managing Enterprises ? Origin and evolution of lean concepts ? Core lean principles practices ? How lean differs from craft and mass production models of industrial organization ? Lean implementation steps ? Value stream mapping Deborah Nightingale ? 2002 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 3 Lean was Born out of Necessity: How to Withstand the Mass Production Behemoths ? On August 15, 1945 -- end of war with Japan -- Toyota faced a daunting challenge: How to succeed against Western mass production auto giants poised to enter Japanese market? ? Kiichiro Toyoda to Taiichi Ohno (father of lean production): “Catch up with America in three years.”? Ohno’s challenge: How to design a production system exploiting central weaknesses of mass production model ? Japan faced many dilemmas: small fragmented market, depleted workforce, scarce natural resources, little capital ? Lean evolved as a coherent response to this challenge over a number of decades -- a dynamic process of learning and adaptation later labeled as “lean production”by Western observers Deborah Nightingale ? 2002 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4 Lean Response: Use Less of Everything, Offer Greater Variety of Higher Quality More Affordable Products in Less Time ? Best Japanese auto companies developed a fundamentally different way of making things ? These companies changed the dynamics of international competition ? New goals in manufacturing systems -- combined benefits of craft and mass production ? Improved quality ? High productivity ? Efficiency at low volumes ? Production flexibility ? Rapid, efficient development cycle ? Product mix diversity ? Lean production contrasts with traditional mass production paradigm