信号与系统6.ppt

Chapter 6Time And Frequency Characterization of Signals And Systems Introduction In time-domain, the LTI system is characterized by h(t) or h[n]; In frequency-domain, the LTI system is characterized by H(jw) or H(ejw); 6.1 The Magnitude-phase Representation of the Fourier Transform 6.2 The Magnitude-phase Representation of the Frequency Response of LTI System 6.2.1 Linear and Nonlinear Phase 6.3 Time-Domain Properties of Ideal Frequency-selective Filters 6.4 Time-Domain and Frequency-domain Aspects of Non-ideal Filters * * In analyzing LTI system, it is often particularly convenient to utilize the frequency domain differential and difference equations and convolution operations in the time domain become algebraic operations in the frequency domain. In system design, there are typically both time-domain and frequency-domain considerations. For signal x(t) : For signal x[n] : —— Magnitude spectrum —— Phase spectrum Continuous-time System characterization: Impulse response: Frequency response: gain Phase shift Discrete-time System characterization: Impulse response: Frequency response: gain Phase shift Linear phase: Nonlinear phase: Example: Effect: Linear phase means non-distortion of signal transmission. ( is constant ) Linear phase X2(jω) = X1(jω)e-jωα ( Linear phase ) ( Nonlinear phase ) ( Original signal ) Effect of Linear and Nonlinear Phase All-Pass System The characteristics of an all-pass system are completely determined by its phase-shift characteristics. 6.2.2 Group Delay Definition: Example: Note: if the values of are restricted to lie between and , we obtain the principal-phase function. 6.2.3 Log-Magnitude and Bode Plots Magnitude spectrum: Phase spectrum: A Typical Bode plot for a second-order system 20log|H(jω)| and ∠H(jω) vs. logω Note: ( in discrete-time system) The magnitudes of Fourier transform and frequency responses are often displayed in dB for the same