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Language and Social Culture(1) Lecture 12 Teaching contents Language Varieties Pidgins and Creoles Dialect vs. Language Regional dialects Social dialects Register Language Varieties Variety is a generic term for a particular coherent form of language in which specific extralinguistic criteria can be used to define it as a variety. For example, a geographically defined variety is known as a dialect, a variety with a social basis as a sociolect, a functional variety as jargon or a sublanguage, a situative variety as a register. David (1992: 76) defines variety as a system of linguistic expression whose use is governed by situational variables, such as regional, occupational or social class. Pidgins and creoles A pidgin is a special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. Pidgins typically have a limited vocabulary and a very reduced grammatical structure characterized by the loss of inflections, gender and case. When a pidgin has become the primary language of a speech community, and is acquired by the children of that speech community as their native language, it is said to have become a Creole. Dialect A language is typically composed of a number of dialects. Dialect refers to any regional, social or ethnic variety of a language. All languages spoken by more than one small homogeneous community are found to consist of two or more dialects. The language differences associated with dialect may occur on any level of language, thus including pronunciation, grammatical, semantic, and language use differences. Definition of Dialect A variety of a language used recognizably in a specific region or by a specific social class. Dialect VS language Dialect is a variation of language different enough to be classed as a separate entity, but not different enough to be classed as a separate language. Sometimes a dialect rises in status and becomes the standard variety
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