民营经济发展过程中的公共政策创新.docVIP

民营经济发展过程中的公共政策创新 ——温州地方政府政策的演变与分析 浙江大学 陈国权 麻晓莉 [内容提要] 地方政府作为正式制度供给的主体之一，在民营经济发展过程中起着特殊而又重要的作用。本文以温州民营经济发展为背景，实证描述和分析了地方政府政策在突破旧制度约束过程中所呈现出的显著跃迁性的特征。温州地方政府适时的政策创新，促使民营企业的非正式制度创新逐步转变为正式制度安排，从而为民营企业从非法走向合法奠定了坚实的基础。温州地方政府在公共政策设计过程中，既符合了温州民营企业的利益和制度知识，又符合了政策者的既得利益和意识目标，政策供给兼备了社会可行性和组织可行性，从而使得政策效能得到了充分的发挥。 [关键词] 政策创新；地方政府；民营经济；温州 The Public Policy Innovation within the Development of the Private Economy ——The Evolvement and Analysis of the Wenzhou Government Public Policy Chen Guo-quan Ma Xiao-li (Public Administration Department, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027) Abstract: The local government is the one of main bodies of institutional innovations and played an especial and important role during promoting institutional innovations of private enterprises. This paper is based on the development of the Wenzhou private economy, and has described and analyzed the remarkable transition of the public policy of the local government during breaking through the old institution restriction. The timely policy innovation promoted that the institution innovations of private enterprises turned from informal to formal, which established the base of private enterprises development from non-legality to legality. During establishing the public policy, the Wenzhou government accorded with not only the benefits and institution knowledge of Wenzhou private enterprises but also the benefits and consciousness object of the officers. The policy supplying had both social feasibility and organizational feasibility, so the policy efficiency had been exerted fully. Key words: Public Policy Innovation, the Local Government, Private Economy, The Wenzhou City 民营企业的诞生与发展是我国市场化进程中的一项影响巨大的制度创新。从制度变迁的角度看，温州成为民营经济的发源地和成长地，创造了一系列瞩目的制度创新，除了与温州民间不断自发地进行财产关系调整和微观主体不断创新的努力密不可分之外，也是在地方政府一定程度地支持和参与之下地进行的。尤其是地方政府在公共政策中积极响应，促使民营企业的非正式制度创新逐步转变为地方政府正式的制度安排，从而为民营企业从非法走向合法奠定了坚实的基础。正如“公共政策——在追求某些目标上对政治手段的系统应用——通常是在既定的制度约束中展开的，但它也可以靠努力改变制度的方式来实现。制度变革既可以通过明确的直接方式来实现，也可以表现为政策行动的一种副效应”[1