Chapter 16 Tradition And Change.pptVIP

Chapter 16 Tradition And Change Theme introduction: In this chapter you will examine the tradition of “Christmas” and see how it has changed over time and also space. Christmas is just one example of how tradition can be preserved only to a limited extent, in the dynamic, constantly changing and developing world culture. Reading skill practiced: notetaking and outlining Notetaking is a reading strategy which helps you to understand and to remember what you read. Outlining is a form of text-mapping. Three methods of notetaking: underlining key words, making margianl notes, and outling. Reading 1 The Meaning of Christmas coincide:同时发生 accommodate:结合 census:人口调查 manger:牛马食草用的槽 astrologer:占星家 clement:仁慈的 solstice：（天文）至点 forsake:遗弃 forsook, forsaken rejoice:欣喜 homage:尊崇 garland:花环；花冠 wreath:花环 hail;欢呼 Reading 1 The Meaning of Christmas symbolism:象征 mistletoe:槲寄生树 （圣诞节装饰树） Pisces:（天文）双鱼座 Babylonian:巴比伦人 Protestant:新教徒 awe:使敬畏 parasite:寄生植物 berry:浆果 emblem:象征 chariot:战车 personify:是---的化身 commercialism:商业化 frenzy:疯狂 festivity（复数）庆祝活动 Reading 2 Fish Cheeks minister:牧师 outdo:超越 vein:血脉 appalling:吓人的 mound:一堆 slimy:粘滑的 cod:鳕鱼 plead:抗辩 stack:堆积 wedge:木契 形 sponge:海绵 fungus:真菌 squid:乌贼 clamour;喧闹 Reading 2 Fish Cheeks rumpled:压皱的 lick:舔 platter:大浅盘 grimace:作怪相 pluck:拔出 belch:打嗝儿 muster:鼓起 burp（俚语）打嗝 beige:米色 tweed:一种苏格兰出产的粗呢 crush: (俗语）迷恋的对象 Reading 3 Asians Buy Into Christmas goody:吸引人的东西 jostle:推挤 reindeer:驯鹿 inflatable:可膨胀的 neon:霓虹灯 garb:装束 franchise:厂家；特许公司 apathy:冷漠；漠不关心 apt:适合的 merriment:欢乐 boost（俚语）提高；增加 missionary:传教士 extravaganza:盛典 floral:如花的 whip:打成泡沫 drastically:猛烈地 hype:使热烈起来 Reading 4 The $100 Christmas snowshoe:着雪鞋行走 hemlock:(美）铁杉 balsam:凤仙花 fir:冷杉 gamely:兴致勃勃地 stoke:烧火 sprawl:蔓生 parishioner:同一教区的居民 cord:木柴堆积的体积单位 anchor:支撑物 seduction:诱惑 projection: （根据趋势所做的）预测；估计 depletion: 枯竭 devastate: 荒废 curtail: 减缩 * * *