英语文体学教案 Lecture five Deep structure deviation.docVIP

Stylistics Lecture four Deep structure deviation Deep structure deviation refers to semantic deviation. It is linguistic effect, which involves something odd in meaning of a linguistic unit, i.e. a word or a phrase. The notion here is something odd, which essentially means a common practice in literature, de-familiarization. A term used by the Russian Formalist Viktor Shklovsky to describe the capacity of art to counter the deadening effect of habit and convention by investing the familiar with strangeness and thereby deautomatizing perception. Defamiliarization is not simply a question of perception; it is the essence of literariness. Calling attention to its techniques and conventions (baring the device), literature exposes its autonomy and artificiality by foregrounding and defamiliarizing its devices. There are generally four kinds of methods to defamiliarize or foreground one’s language use: high frequency by putting an element in a conspicuous/prominent position by deviation And deviation itself can be further classified as surface structure deviation and deep structure deviation. Surface structure deviation: phonological deviation lexical deviation syntactic deviation graphological deviation Deep structure deviation may include a number of linguistic phenomena, which are mainly: contradiction transference deception ambiguity Contradiction: A type of semantic deviation which conveys self-conflicting information which in turn falls into three types: Oxymoron: Oxymoron refers to the yoking together of two expressions that are not compatible in the normal sense, so that in combination they have no conceivable literal reference in reality. E.g. p62 Bitter –sweet memory proud humility orderly chaos rich poverty Paradox：a statement which is absurd because it self-evidently false, a seemingly contradictory statement that nonetheless may be true. e.g. p62-63 It is the semantic deviation occurring over a sentence rather than a phrase, or between a mo