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\\Muc-file-1\CC\Berger\Graphics\2-Graphics-Public\0-RB_DT Transfer\FARBTEST Design_Team\Farbtest-Beamer2.ppt Contents A. The changing face of Europe France, Germany, Italy and Benelux: Six wealthy core countries start economic integration process in 1957 Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom: First acces-sion round after 16 years increases economic power Greece: A poorer country joins the European Union in 1981 – first discussions about dilution Spain and Portugal: Accession of two less developed southern countries reduces EUs average wealth Sweden, Finland and Austria: Europes northern enlargement pushes up the average GDP per capita Eastern Europe, Malta and Cyprus: The biggest round of enlargement ever changes the face of Europe 50 years of enlargement: Compared to the US, the EU has gained size at the expense of average wealth Wealth gap: Ten years ago, the north of the European Union was rich and the south was poor Today, the gap is between east and west – GDP per capita in the EU 15 is four times higher than in EU 10 EU 25 vs. US vs. Asia: Enlarged EU is a still powerful, but the slowest growing economic region in the world B. Challenges and opportunities of enlargement for EU 15 Eastward enlargement entails threats and opportunities for economies, companies, and governments Macroeconomic threats: Pressure on EU 15 labor markets and competition for best institutional setup Low wage-competition / unemployment threats Migration (up to 3.8 m people from CEE will move to the EU 15) Offshoring (e.g. 830,000 people in CEE employed by German firms in 2004) Low tax / social contributions competition Also: Less regulation (e.g. IMD bureaucracy index: Estonia ranked 9th, UK ranked 33rd) Financial burden (EU budget) Cost of enlargement (2004-2006): 49 bn EUR Macroeconomic opportunities: Higher growth momen-tum for structural / institutional change and innovation Enhanced growth in east and west EU 15 benefits from backlog of demand in CEE New momentum in New Euro
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