[考研资料]科技英语2.1.pptVIP

Computer Knowledge计算机知识  2.1 Computer 2.2 Programming Languages 2.2 Computer Viruses Computer计算机 Broadly speaking, the term can refer not only to an electronic machine but also to one of a mechanical, analog, or other variety. Although all these types are used, computers usually mean electronic digital machines because electronic digital machines have many advantages and are widely used. 一般说来，该术语不仅仅指电子机器，也可指机械式的、模拟的或其它类型的。虽然这些种类都在使用，但计算机通常指的是电子数字机器，因为电子数字机器有许多优点并且得到了广泛的应用。 Computers vary greatly in size; the smallest can be incorporated into a wristwatch, while the largest may fill an entire room. The electronic components of computers enable them to perform operations at high speeds. 计算机在体积上差别很大，最小的可以嵌入一块手表内，而最大的则可以占据整个房间。计算机的电子元件可以使其以高速运行。 The fastest computer is able to perform billions of calculations per second. Computes are used to solve numerous problems, such as payroll calculations, inventory records, bank account transactions, airline reservations, and scientific and engineering computations. 最快的计算机每秒钟可以进行几十亿次运算。人们应用计算机解决众多问题如工资表计算、库存资产记录、银行账目交易、航班预定以及科技与工程方面的运算。 Owing to the tremendous progress in the micro-miniaturization of the transistor (the basic element of computers) since the late 1960s, inexpensive and small computers have become widely available, proliferating in virtually every sector of society. 自20世纪60年代后期，由于晶体管（计算机的基本元件）在微型化方面取得的巨大进展，廉价的小型计算机在社会的各个部门都得到了广泛的应用。 Industrialized countries have become dependent on computers to assist in daily life, for they are used in countless activities, such as manufacturing, transportation, communication, education, and business. 发达国家已经依靠计算机来确保日产生活的正常运行，因为它们已被应用于无数活动中，比如生产、运输、通信、教育和商业。 Compared with other important technological products, computers are used in home and office by far more people, including those with little or no technical background. Thus, a solid working knowledge of computers is benefi