当代翻译理论.docVIP

当代翻译理论 Contemporary Translation Theories Chapter I Introduction 翻译是人类社会历史最悠久的活动之 一，几乎与语言同时诞生。从原始部落的亲 善交往，文艺复兴时代古代典籍的发现和传 播，直至今天世界各国之间文学、艺术、哲 学、科学技术、经济、政治的频繁交流与往 来，维护世界的稳定和持久和平，翻译都发 挥了不可估量的作用。 “翻译如同打开窗户，让阳光照射进来；翻译如同 砸碎硬壳，让我们享用果仁；翻译如同拉开帷幕， 让我们能窥见最神圣的殿堂；翻译如同揭开井盖， 让我们能汲取甘泉。” －－Afred Pollard 波拉德 Records of the English Bible. The Documents Relating to the Translation and Publication of the Bible in English,1525-1611,p.349 I.1. What is “contemporary translation theory”? 1. intralingual translation A rewording of signs in one language with signs from the same language 2. Interlingual translation the interpretation of signs in one language with signs from another language 3. Intersemiotic translation transfer or transmutation of the signs in one language to non-verbal sign systems Roman Jakobson I.2 Translation in Antiquity The first traces of translation date from 3000BC, during the Egyptian Old Kingdom, in the area of the first Cataract, Elephantine, where inscription in two languages have been found. It became a significant factor in the west in 300 BC, when the Romans took over wholesale many elements of Greek culture, including the whole religious apparatus. ( Newmark, 1982/2001:3) Cicerothe founder of Western translation theory He is the first to comment on the process of translation and offer advice on how best to undertake the task. In his “On the Orator ”,Cicero set the terms which were expanded by Horace, Pliny the Younger, Quintillian, Saint Jerome, and Catholics, Reformers and Humanists from the 14th to the 17th centuries. His approach to translation is “sense-for- sense” and “word-for-word”. That means a translator should bear in mind the intended meaning of the SL author and render it by means of TL words or word-order which does not sound strange to the TL readers. For Cicero, “if I render word for word, the result will sound uncouth, and if compelled by necessity I alter anything in the order or wording, I shall seem to h