美国数学建模竞赛特等奖论文——1997 A O The Geometry and the Game Theory of Chases【数学建模】.pdfVIP

The Geometry and the Game Theory of Chases 225 The Geometry and the Game Theory of Chases Charlene S. Ahn Edward Boas Benjamin Rahn Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 Advisor: Howard Georgi Introduction We investigate the hunting strategies of predators and the fleeing strategies of their prey in a chase of finite time. For the velociraptor and thescelosaur, there is no overwhelming advantage for either animal; the velociraptor is faster, but the thescelosaur is more agile. We find optimal strategies for both the hunter and the hunted, for a velociraptor hunting a thescelosaur, as well as for a pair of velociraptors hunting a thescelosaur. This original problem actually has a low probability of having occurred, as fossil remains of the velociraptor have been found only in Mongolia, while fossil remains of the thescelosaur have been found only in the Midwestern region of the United States and Canada [Weishampel et al. 1990, 270, 500]. However, this model can be useful in the study of a wide range of such problems, simply by varying the parameters. In studying these particular creatures, we may come to understand the tradeoff between speed and maneuverability. Assumptions and Preliminary Calculations We are given that the velociraptor moves at a speed of = 60 km/h (16.7 m/s), the thescelosaur moves at a speed of of = 50 km/h (13.9 m/s), and the velociraptor’s hip height is 0.5 m. It is estimated that a velociraptor’s turning radius is three times its hip height; thus, the velociraptor can turn in a minimum radius of = 1.5 m, while the thescelosaur’s minimum turning radius is = 0.5 m. We assume that both always find it more advantageous c The UMAP Journal 18 (3) (1997) 225–242. Copyright 1997 by COMAP, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of