美国数学建模竞赛特等奖论文——2002 A O Simulating a Fountain【数学建模】.pdfVIP

Simulating a Fountain 209 Simulating a Fountain Lyric P. Doshi Joseph Edgar Gonzalez Philip B. Kidd Maggie L. Walker Governor’s School for Government and International Studies Richmond, VA Advisor: John A. Barnes Introduction We establish the mathematical behavior of water droplets emitted from a fountain and apply this behavior in a computer model to predict the amount of splash and spray produced by a fountain under given conditions. We combine height and volume of the fountain spray, making both functions of the speed at which water exits the fountain nozzle. We simulate water droplets launched from the fountain, using basic physics to model the effects of drag, wind, and gravity. The simulation tracks the flight of droplets in the air and records their landing positions, for wind speeds from 0 to 15 m/s and water speeds from 5 to 30 m/s. It calculates the amount of water spilled outside of a pool around the fountain, for pool radii from 0 to 40 m. We design an algorithm for a programmable logic controller, located inside an anemometer, to do a table search to find allowable water speeds for given pool radius, acceptable water spillage, and wind velocity. We simulated sub- jecting a fountain with a 4-m pool radius to wind speeds from 0 to 3 m/s with an allowable spillage of 5%. We tested the model for accuracy and sensitivity to changes in the base variables. Problem Analysis Wind The anemometer measures two main wind factors that affect the fountain: speed, which affects the force exerted on the water, and direction. c The UMAP Journal 23 (3) (2002) 209–219. Copyright 2002 by COMAP, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notic