美国数学建模竞赛特等奖论文——1999 A O Deep Impact【数学建模】.pdfVIP

Deep Impact 211 Deep Impact Dominic Mazzoni Matthew Fluet Joel Miller Harvey Mudd College Claremont, CA 91711 Advisor: Michael Moody Abstract We consider the impact of a m-diameter asteroid with the South Pole. Impacts of this magnitude can have substantial effects, including earthquakes and tsunamis on a regional scale and the possibilities of global climatic change and catastrophic agricultural damage from dust ejected into the atmosphere. Luckily, an Antarctic collision would result in a far less disastrous scenario. By modeling the possible trajectories of the asteroid, we determined that the angle of incidence would be relatively small, resulting in a smaller, more shal- low crater. Since Antarctica is covered by a thick ice cap, very little dust would be ejected into the atmosphere. The heat of the collision would melt an insignif- icant amount of ice. The worst scenario would be if the shock wave created by the impact resulted in a large tsunami, so we predict which coastal areas would be flooded. Initial Assumptions 1. The asteroid is spherical, is 1,000 m in diameter, has a typical composition and density, and strikes the Earth at the South Pole. 2. The asteroid originated in our solar system and so before the collision was orbiting the Sun in the same plane as the Earth [Transcript—Plane of the Solar System 1996]. 3. The only bodies significantly affecting the trajectory of the asteroid are the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon. The trajectories of the four bodies can be predicted using a Newtonian model of gravitation. c The UMAP Journal 20 (3) (1999) 211–224. Copyright 1999 by COMAP, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear thi