美国数学建模竞赛特等奖论文——2005 B O Lane Changes and Close Following Troublesome Tollbooth Traffic【数学建模】.pdfVIP

224 The UMAPJournal 26.3 (2005) Lane Changes and Close Following: Troublesome Tollbooth Traffic Andrew Spann Daniel Kane Dan Gulotta Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA Advisor: Martin Zdenek Bazant Summary We develop a cellular-automaton model to address the slow speeds and emphasis on lane-changing in tollbooth plazas. We make assumptions about car-following, based on distance and relative speeds, and arrive at the criterion that cars maximize their speeds subject to gap [ju + 1(Var - Vfrontcar) (Var + Vfrontcar + 1). We invent lane-change rules for cars to determine if they can turn safely and if changing lanes would allow higher speed. Cars modify these preferences based on whether changing lanes would bring them closer to a desired type of tollbooth. Overall, our assumptions encourage people to be a bit more aggressive than in traditional models when merging or driving at low speeds. We simulate a 70-min period at a tollbooth plaza, with intervals of light and heavy traffic. We look at statistics from this simulation and comment on the behavior of individual cars. In addition to determining the number oftollbooths needed, we discuss how tollbooth plazas can be improved with road barriers to direct lane expansion or by assigning the correct number of booths to electronic toll collection. We set up a generalized lane-expansion structure to test configurations. Booths should be ordered to encourage safe behavior, such as putting faster electronic booths together. Rigid barriers affect wait time adversely. Under typical traffic loads, there should be at least twice as many booths as highway lanes. The text of this paper appears on pp. 317-330. The UMAPJournal26 (3) (2005) 224. @Copyright 2005 by COMAP, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission to make