世界探险时期（英文）.pptVIP

An Age of Explorations and Isolation1400-1800 Chapter 19 p. 526-548 Background By 1400, Europeans were ready to venture beyond their borders Renaissance encouraged a new spirit of adventure and curiosity Printing press spread ideas and new maps and charts I. Causes of European Exploration #1- New Trade Routes People want wealth; achieve that through trade Traded spices (nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, pepper) Introduced during Crusades; people still demanded goods once wars ended Demand greater than supply= high prices Causes of European Exploration (cont’d) Trade routes controlled by Italians and Muslims Muslims sold Asian goods to Italians Italian merchants resold items at increased prices to merchants throughout Europe Other traders did NOT like this and wanted new routes that bypassed Italian merchants Causes of European Exploration (cont’d) #2- Spread Christianity Crusades left hostility between Christians and Muslims Europeans believed they had a sacred duty to continue fighting Muslims and to convert non-Christians Causes of European Exploration (cont’d) Bartolomeu Dias: early Portuguese explorer “For God, Glory, and Gold” (”To serve God and His majesty, to give light to those who were in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do.”) Causes of European Exploration (cont’d) #3- New Exploration Technologies Caravel: stronger, sturdier ship with triangular sails (adopted from Arabs); made it possible to sail against the wind Astrolabe: brass circle w/ carefully adjusted rings marked off in degrees; used to calculate latitude (perfected by Muslims) Compass: magnetically tracked direction (Chinese invention) II. Portugal leads the way Portugal was 1st to establish trading outposts along the west coast of Africa Prince Henry: son of Portugal’s king Nation’s most enthusiastic supporter of exploration Conquered Muslim city in North Africa where he discovered exotic wealth never found in Europe (cinnamon, cloves, pepper, silver, gold, jewels