【信息技术英文版课件】plexDecisionsandArtificialIntelligence.pptVIP

c 2000 Dr. David L. Anderson All Rights Reserved c 2000 Dr. David L. Anderson All Rights Reserved Chapter 10Complex Decisions andArtificial Intelligence Transaction Processing System Process Flow Process Flow/Elements Components/Elements Responsibilities Overview Business Problems Complex, less structured Data Non-numerical, messy, complex relationship Artificial Intelligence Goal is to make computers “think” like humans Specialized Problems Diagnostic Speed Consistency Training Building Expert Systems Knowledge Base Knowledge Engineers Case-Based Reasoning Limitations of Expert Systems Expert System Expert Symbolic and/or Numeric Knowledge Knowledge Base Expert Decisions made by non-experts Decision Support System Compared to Expert System Building Expert Systems Shell = Tool to Build Expert System Knowledge Engineer Builds Cooperative Expert Key Components: Knowledge Base Information Engineer applies rules to new data for each conclusion Custom Program, Shell, or Pre-packaged Additional Issues to Consider Pattern Recognition/Neural Nets Voice and Speech Recognition Language Comprehension Massively Parallel Computers Robotics and Motion Statistics, Uncertainty, Fuzzy Logic Expert Systems Goal: Make same decision an expert would make with the same data Capture and program expert’s knowledge Advantage of speed and consistency Expert Systems Problem Type Narrow, well-defined domain Solutions require an expert Complex logical processing Handle missing, ill-structured data Need a cooperative expert Limitations of Expert Systems Fragile Systems Small environment changes can force revision of all of the rules Mistakes Who is responsible? Expert Multiple Expert Knowledge Engineer Company that uses it Limitations of Expert Systems Vague Rules Rules can be hard to define Conflicting Experts With multiple opinions, who is right? Can diverse methods be combined? Limitations of Expert Systems Unforeseen events Events outside of domain can lead to nonsense decisions Huma