大坝公路工程专题.ppt

Lesson 10 Dam水坝 New words and phrases: estuary auxiliary spillway evacuate silt reservoir reap profile monolithic buttress configuration strata(stratum的复数) permeability assess simultaneous equilibrium constituent expedient blend retard hydrate pulverize rockfill surface-active agent 表面活性剂 water-to-cement ratio 水灰比 embankment dam 堤坝 3. spillway 溢水口，泄洪道 ＝spill+way spill－－n. v. 溢出、溅出 20. retard v. n. 延迟、阻止、妨碍 retard the progress/development of sth. 阻碍事物的发展 Lack of science and education retards social progress. 缺乏科学和教育会妨碍社会进步。 Dam A dam is a structure built across stream, river, or estuary to retain water. 一个水坝是横跨一条小溪、河流或港湾修建的用来储水的结构。 Its purposes are to meet demands for water for human consumption, irrigation, or industry; to reduce peak discharge of flood water; to increase available water stored for generating hydroelectric power; or to increase the depth of water in a river so as to improve navigation． 它的用途是满足人类消费、灌溉或工业用水的需求；减少洪水的高峰流量；增加供水力发电用的可用的储存水的数量；或者增加河流水深以改善通航条件。 An incidental purpose can be to provide a lake for recreation． 一个附带的用途是可以为娱乐消遣提供一个湖泊。 Dam Auxiliary works at a dam may include spillways，gates，or valves to control the discharge of surplus water downstream from the dam；an intake structure conducting water to a power station or to canals，tunnels，or pipelines for more distant use；provision for evacuating silt carried into the reservoir；and means for permitting ships or fish to pass the dam． 一个水坝的辅助工程可能包括控制从水坝出来的过多的下游水的排放的泄洪道，闸门，或者阀；引导水流到发电站或到运河、隧道或管道为更远距离的利用的一个进口结构；抽出被带进水库的淤泥的设备；以及允许轮船或鱼类通过大坝的一些手段。 A dam therefore is the central structure in a multipurpose scheme aiming at the conservation of water resources． 因此，针对水资源保护问题，一个水坝在多目标方案中是中心结构。 Dam The multipurpose dam holds special importance in the underdeveloped countries，where a small nation may reap enormous benefits in agriculture and industry from a si