【精品资料】出错处理(Error Handling).ppt

出错处理(Error Handling) 常见错误 程序错误(programming errors) 暂时检查和错误(transient checksum errors) 永久检查和错误(permanent checksum errors) 寻道错误(seek errors) 控制器错误(controller errors) 出错处理(Error Handling) bad sectors ECC corrects the errors deal with in the controller deal with in the operating system 出错处理(Error Handling) 出错处理(Error Handling) substituting spare sectors for bad ones 控制器需要记录信息 内部表(one per track) 导言重写(rewriting preambles) 出错处理(Error Handling) deal with bad sectors in the operating system acquire a list of bad sectors build remapping tables can also use the former two ways 出错处理(Error Handling) deal with bad sectors in the operating system bad sectors are not in any files nor in the free list create a secret file containing all the bad sectors, keeping it out of the file system 出错处理(Error Handling) deal with bad sectors in the operating system backups: file by file: hide the bad block file sector by sector: smart backup utility program 出错处理(Error Handling) 寻道错误(seek errors) hard disks controllers can handle automatically floppy controllers set an error bit and leave it to the driver the driver: 发送校准命令(recalibrate command)，重置控制器的0号柱面信息 出错处理(Error Handling) 控制器错误(controller errors) controller bugs need some hardware in design to reset itself the disk driver sets a bit to invoke the signal and reset the controller the disk driver print a message and give up Clocks - Clock Hardware 时钟硬件(PC机中) 实时时钟（Real Time Clock，RTC） 可编程间隔定时器（Programmable Interval Timer，PIT） 时间戳计数器（Time Stamp Counter，TSC）。 Clocks - Clock Hardware Clocks - Clock Hardware Programmable interval clock的工作模式 One-shot mode Square-wave mode 时钟滴答(Clock tick) Clocks - Clock Hardware Programmable interval clock 周期性地发生时钟中断 e.g. 晶体振荡频率500MHz, 32位寄存器, 则时钟中断的间隔为2nsec – 8.6sec Clocks - Clock Hardware 实时时钟RTC 在PC机断电后仍能保存时间 通过主板上的电池供电；通常与CMOS RAM集成到一块芯片上 也称为 CMOS Timer Clocks - Clock Hardware 实时时钟RTC 可在系统初启时读入 并转换为相对于某一基准时间的时钟滴答数 操作系统提供实用程序可以设置系统时钟和RTC并在二者之间同步 Clocks - Clock Hardware 时间戳记数器TSC Pentium之后的CPU中包含的64位的寄存器 在每一个