With的用法详解.docVIP

With的用法详解 【关键词】 with的复合结构 主动式 被动式 1、引入问题 with后面的宾语补足语是用动词不定式的主动式还是被动式，这给学生带来更大困惑。 请看下面一道单选题： with all work __，i don’t know if i’ll have time to go out。 a.done b.to be done c.to do d.doing ①（2002上海春季，37）with a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly-elected president is having a hard time.②（2005江西，29）with no hope for cure and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.③（2005湖北，31）they started off late and got to the airport with minutes to spare.于是他们错误地得出结论，凡是with的复合结构中出现的不定式一律用主动式,不能用被动式。 《英语非谓语动词》不定式一般体中的to在古英语中原其有”朝着……方向”的意义，现在某些场合仍多少保留这一意义，因此不定式一般体常用来表示目的、结果等，其动作常发生或预计要发生在谓语动词的动作之后。当with的复合结构在句子作状语表示原因、时间、条件等时，可以将with去掉，变成独立主格结构形式。 eg.⑴ i won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.→my mother being ill,i won’t be able to go on holiday. ⑵ with spring coming on,trees turn green.→spring coming on,trees turn green. 关于不定式独立结构的逻辑主语，章振邦主编《新编英语语法》解释：不定式能够带有自己的逻辑主语构成独立结构，通常置于句末，用以表示主句动作之后将要发生的事态。例如：we shall assemble at ten forty-five,the procession to start moving at precisely eleven.当不定式结构的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，这个不定式要用被动态。如：the plan was that the two parties should first reach an agreement on the basic principle,the details to be worked out later. 根据上述语法规则，我们将题干中的with的复合结构中的with去掉，那么就变成all work __，i don’t know if i’ll have time to go out。显然，不定式结构的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。强调的是所有的工作都被干完后，我不知道是否将有时间出去，故用不定式的被动式，正确答案是b。再如：（2010四川，阅读理解c）working closely with scientists and other operations and technical employees,you will manage a small number of research support employees providing services to help with the research activities to be carried out at the new laboratories.句意：与科学家们和技术熟练的员工队伍密切合作，你将管理一小组支持研究的员工（这些员工协助在新的实验室开展的研究活动）。 2、with的复合结构的基本形式： 1）with+名词（或代词）+形容词 eg：（1982全国）he slept well with all the windows open. 2）with+名词（或代词）+副词 some students like reading with the radio on. 3）with+名词（或代词）+介词短语 eg：（选修7，58页） they sit in small circles in the square, with their babies on their backs