基础统计学.ppt

Why study statistics? Numerical info is everywhere But how do we know if conclusions reported are accurate? Statistical techniques are used to make decisions that affect our lives This is why younger people pay more for insurance… Knowledge of statistical methods at least helps you understand why decisions are made In future you will make decisions that involve data What is Meant by Statistics? Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions. Who Uses Statistics? Statistical techniques are used extensively by managers in marketing, accounting, quality control, consumers, professional sports people, hospital administrators, educators, politicians, physicians, gamblers, etc... Types of Statistics Descriptive Statistics: Methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way. Types of Statistics Descriptive Statistics: Methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way. Types of Statistics Descriptive Statistics: Methods of organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in an informative way. Types of Statistics Inferential Statistics: The methods used to determine something about a population, based on a sample. Types of Statistics Inferential Statistics: The methods used to determine something about a population, based on a sample. Types of Statistics Inferential Statistics: The methods used to determine something about a population, based on a sample. Population vs. Sample NB: don’t confuse population in statistics with a country’s population! A population might consist of all the people in Nanaimo but also may mean the PE ratios for all chemical stocks, or total assets of the 20 largest banks in North America, total collection of prices, ages, square footage of retail space in Nanaimo, and so on. Types of Variables For a Qualitative or Attribute variable the characteristic being studied is