土木外文文献及译文1.docVIP

本科毕业设计 外文文献及译文 文献、资料题目：Simple Beam Layout 文献、资料来源：网络 文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2012.2.28 院 （部）： 管理工程学院 专 业： 信息管理与信息系统 班 级： 信管082 姓 名： 闻龙 学 号： 2008021326 指导教师： 郭兵 姜卫杰 翻译日期： 2012.5.25外文文献： Simple Beam Layout The layout of a simple prestressed-concrete beam is controlled by two critical sections: the maximum moment and the end sections. After these sections are designed, intermediate ones can often be determined by inspection but should be separately investigated when necessary. The maximum moment section is controlled by two loading stages, the initial stage at transfer with minimum moment MG acting on the beam and the working-load stage with maximum design moment MT. The end sections are controlled by area required for share resistance, bearing plates, anchorage spacings, and jacking clearances. All intermediate sections are designed by one or more of the above requirements, depending on their respective distances from the above controlling sections. A common arrangement for posttensioned members is to employ some shape, such as I or T, for the maximum moment section and to round it out into a simple rectangular shape near the ends. This is commonly referred to as the end block for posttensioned members. For pretensioned members, produced on a long line process, a uniform I, double-T, or cored section is employed throughout, in order to facilitate production. The design for individual sections having been explained in Chapters 5, 6, and 7,the general cable layout of simple beams will now be discussed. The layout of a beam can be adjusted by varying both the concrete and the steel. The section of concrete can be varied as to its height, width, shape, and the curvature of its soffit or extrados. The steel can be varied occasionally in its area but mostly in its position relative to the centroidal axis of concrete. By adjusting these variables, many combinations of layout are possible to suit different loading conditions. This is quite different from the design of rei