《浅析海运提单的种类风险及防范措施》.doc

浅析海运提单的种类风险及防范措施摘?要提单是海上货物运输中最重要的单证，已成为国际贸易和航运基石。然而，随着国际贸易和航运的日益繁荣，提单风险已经危机到整个提单的正常运作机制，阻碍了国际贸易的顺利进行。本文以提单风险为主线，以防范提单风险之问题为目标，主要从立法规范的角度，通过纵横双向的比较分析得出结论:不能仅仅因为提单风险之问题的存在，就把整个提单制度予以否定，应该完善提单相关的法律规范，从严掌握预借和倒签提单严格海运提单的签署从而保证提单对国际贸易的进一步发展，发挥更加重要的作用。 ? 关键词：提单，欺诈，风险防范 Abstract ? The bill of lading is carriage of goods by sea is the most important documents, has become the international trade and shipping cornerstone. However, as of international trade and shipping growing prosperity, bills of lading risks have crisis to the whole of the bill of lading normal operation mechanism, obstruct the international trade smoothly. Based on the bill of lading risk as the main line, in order to guard against the risk of problems as the goal of bill of lading, mainly from the Angle of legislation, through the comparative analysis of the steam font two-way conclusion: just because bill of lading risk problem exists, the whole system of the bill of lading shall be rejected, should perfect relevant legal norms, bill of lading and strict master beforehand through bill of lading, strict pour sign of Marine bill of lading signed system, thus ensuring the bill of lading for the further development of the international trade, play an increasingly important role.? Keywords: B/L, cheating, risk prevention 目?录摘要 前言2 提单风险的类型 2.1倒签和预借提单…………………………………………………………………5 2．2．2 ?倒签提单、预借提单的法律性质及其责任3 ?提单风险的成因分析 3.1法律原因3.1.1 提单相关法律规范不完备提单本身的缺陷 提单相关法律规范不完备国际贸易及航运方面的原因提单风险分析4 ?提单风险的防范及救济措施 4.1杜绝或从严掌握预借和倒签提单4.2?提单制度本身的改革与完善 4.3提单中载入仲裁条款4.4?选择资信好的交易伙伴4.5 严格海运提单的签署选择可靠的船公司（承运人）运载货物积极运用法律手段，及时要求海事司法保护 总结 参考文献 致谢信………………………………………………………………………………15 1?前言 《汉堡规则》第1条第7款对提单作了如下定义:“提单是证明海上货物运输合同和货物由承运人接管或装载以及承运人保证凭此交付货物的单据。单据中关于货物应当按照记名人的指示，或不记名人的指示交付或交付给提单持有人的规定，即是这一保证。”(Bill of lading, means document which evidences a contract of carriage by sea and the taking over or loading of the goods by the carrier, and by which the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against surrender of the document. A provision in the document