自由喷枪用于顶吹转炉的动态特征.pdfVIP

自由喷枪用于顶吹转炉的动态特征 范全荣 ( Fansmelt，上海 200032 ) 摘 要 由于是非浸没喷吹，转炉顶吹氧枪在吹炼初期和末期对熔池搅拌不足。 广西柳钢曾用旋转氧枪在 15t 转 炉中进行了实验，机械驱动下氧枪的转动喷射加强了对熔池的搅拌，取得良好的冶炼效果，但是旋转氧枪的难点在 于机械设计和大型转炉上的应用。自由喷枪不需要机械转动系统，喷枪的摆动来自本身气流的喷射，转炉吨位大， 气流量相应也大，可推动大型喷枪摆动。自由喷枪把氧气喷在熔池中心的圆面上，圆面积和熔池直径面积的比值 R = d2/D2 定义为冲击气流占熔池表面的覆盖率，覆盖率越大，气流在熔池中的搅拌能分布越均匀。固定喷枪的供氧难 以分散，尽管多孔喷枪的冲击面积可比单孔喷枪扩大多倍，但喷射气流的覆盖率增加可能有限。自由喷枪的动态摆 动引入供氧分散度：D=Q/SW ，即气流冲击覆盖面积上的供氧强度，供氧分散可对石灰化渣、铁水喷溅、火焰传热、 二次燃烧和脱碳速率产生影响。水模试验表明自由喷枪的摆动范围最大时，枪口刚好接触液体表面，枪口的上升和 浸没使喷枪的摆动范围变小，自由喷枪的这一特性和顶吹转炉的吹炼过程相对应，在吹炼前期和吹炼后期，泡沫炉 渣的上升和下降，可在自由喷枪的摆动大小上表现出来，摆动成了直观的过程信息，可作为参数用于吹炼过程的生 产控制，如初始枪位的确定以及吹炼末期的压枪操作。 关键词 自由喷枪 转炉炼钢 转炉氧枪 旋转氧枪 LD 顶吹转炉 顶吹氧枪 Dynamic Free Lance for Converter Steelmaking Fan Quanrong （Fansmelt, Shanghai, 200032 ） Abstract Due to the non-submerged injection, the bath mixing of the converter at the beginning and near the end of the process has been inadequate, Liusteel tried a mechanical rotating lance for the oxygen blowing in 15t converter and achieved expected results, the rotating lance was driven by a mechanical apparatus, which was difficult in design for a large scale converter. The movement of the free lance is caused by its gas injection into the bath; the higher gas injection rate could drive the heavier lance to move in a large scale converter. The movement of the lance could introduce the concept of the oxygen dispersion: D=Q/SW ： the oxygen injection rate Q （m3 2 /s ）on the surface S （m ）covered by the injected gas. The dispersion injection of the oxygen could influence the CaO dissolution, splashing, heat transfer and