数据通讯与计算机网络讲义 23章.ppt

TCP协议中产生ACK的机制 [RFC 1122, RFC 2581] Lost segment Seq=x-1 Seq=x-1 Seq=x-1 Fast retransmission (three duplicate ACK ) 接收方的事件 携带所期望序号的有序报文段到达，且该序号之前的所有报文段已作确认。 携带所期望序号的有序报文段到达，但之前尚有1个报文段未作确认。 携带大于所期望序号的错序报文段达到(检测到“间断”)。 部分填补或全部填补间断的报文段到达。 接收方的操作 延迟ACK：等待500ms。如果500ms时下一个报文段未到达，则发送ACK。 立即发送一个累积ACK,确认两个有序的报文段。 立即发送重复的ACK, 指明期望接收的字节序号。 立即发送ACK,指明剩余间断的下界字节序号。 Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a new reliable, message-oriented transport layer protocol. SCTP is mostly designed for Internet applications that have recently been introduced（实时，流）. SCTP Services and Features Packet Format SCTP Association Flow Control and Error Control 23.4 SCTP SCTP is a message-oriented, reliable protocol that combines the best features of UDP and TCP. Some SCTP applications SCTP Services and Features Multi-stream concept An association in SCTP can involve multiple streams. 多流中某个流因丢失被阻塞时，其余的流仍可交付（在L4层）。 Multi-homing concept SCTP association allows multiple IP addresses for each end. 示例：有4对Socket的一个关联（1个主路径，3个替换路径）。 In SCTP, a data chunk is numbered using a TSN. ( Transmission Seq. No. ) To distinguish between different streams, SCTP uses an SI ( Stream Identifier). To label different data chunks in the same stream, SCTP uses SSN ( Stream Seq. No. ) Comparison between a TCP segment and an SCTP packet In SCTP, control information and data information are carried in separate chunks. Data chunks are identified by three items: TSN, SI, and SSN. TSN is a cumulative number relating with the association; SI defines the different streams in the assocation; SSN defines the chunk in a stream. SCTP Packet Format In an SCTP packet, control chunks are before data chunks. Chunks A connection in SCTP is called an association. No other chunk is allowed in a packet carrying an INIT or INIT ACK chunk. A COOKIE ECHO or a COOKIE ACK chunk can carry data chunks. SCTP Association 四次握手 关联的终止 数据传输示例 The acknowledgment in SCTP defines the cumulative TSN, i.e., the TSN