3-4科技英语写作表达.pptVIP

复习 June 1st, 2011 一. 科技英语的特点 1 文体 力求平易、客观和精确，避免行文晦涩、表露感情、刻意修辞等； 陈述句多，感叹句、疑问句少。 2 时态 叙述过去的研究常用过去时，间或也用现在完成时； An isochoric equilibrium cell was used for measuring the solid-vapor-liquid equilibrium conditions. The apparatus has been used by several groups at the University. 论述无时间性的理论部分用现在时。 Increasing the TBAB concentration decreases the required pressure for semiclathrate formation. 3 词汇方面 专业词汇 semiconductor positive atmospheric piston cholesterol cardiovascular supercritical negligible manures fertilizers contradicting conventional 专业词汇 贡献、预测、确保、 可用的、必需的、 缺乏、可靠、偏差 化工中间体、偶联剂、(重要)意义、(重要)作用、 4 句式方面 1）复合句（长句）注意使用连词，句中用逗号连接。 And，although，so as to, except that……, however, 2）被动句 无主语，要将宾语变成主语。 ！！切忌使用祈使句和无主句 To prevent Ca3(PO4)2 to precipitate in Na3PO4 solution, choose ammonium acetate as buffer solution. 3）名词化结构 Communicate， communication，communicating Measure，measurement，measuring（不同名词化的衍生词，含义略有不同，过程和结果） Estimate， estimation，estimating 4）非谓语动词（非限定动词） 包括： 不定式作主语 To confirm the reliability of our experimental method and the accuracy of the obtained data, the dissociation of methane hydrate was observed…… It is necessary to do…… 分词作句子成分（包括主语、宾语、定语、状语等） 现在分词作主语：Emitting infrared rays is an important way for the human body to give out surplus heat 过去分词作状语：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 5）后置定语 The error introduced during this step corresponds to approximately 30 ppm in density. (过去分词作定语) 二. 翻译的要点 换词性、调词序； 灵活自然，阅读意群、不急于下笔 An isochoric equilibrium cell was used for measuring the solid-vapor-liquid equilibrium conditions 使用等容平衡池测定固-气-液平衡状态 the use of a high volume of volatile organic diluents 挥发性有机溶剂的使用 找准中心词，适当增减译： 发展了许多分析修正(analytical corrections)手段，以消除实际设备与理想设备之间的分歧(departure)。 Many of the analytical corrections were developed to eliminate the departure of a practical instrument from the ideal one. 三. 科技语法的功能 1常用状语从句 一般条件状语从句 If /Unless……，it will not/ it will 限定条件从句： provided that, on condition that, only if, in case, so long as, as long