基础医学英语2.docVIP

Unit 1 I. 英译汉 1. The framework of bones and cartilage that protects our organs and allows us to move is called the skeletal system.能保护我们的器官并使我们能够活动的、由骨和软骨构成的支架称为骨骼系统。 2. Bones undergoing either intramembranous or endochondral ossification are continually remodeled from the time that initial calcification occurs until the final structure appears.骨通过膜内骨化或软骨内骨化而不断地得以重塑，从最初的钙化发生开始，直至最后结构的形成。 3. The blood continually trades off calcium with the bones removing calcium when it and other tissues are not receiving enough of this element and resupplying the bones with dietary calcium to keep them from losing too much bone mass.血液不停地与骨组织交换钙，在血液与其他组织钙不足时移走骨钙，同时从饮食中补充骨钙以避免丧失过多的骨组织。 4. The second principal effect of aging on the skeletal system is a decrease in the rate of protein formation that results in a decreased ability to produce the organic portion of bone matrix.衰老对骨骼系统的第二个主要影响，是蛋白质合成速度降低致使产生骨基质的有机成分的能力下降。 II. 汉译英骨骼系统skeletal system肌内附着点attachment of muscles内生殖器internal reproductive红骨髓red marrows骨折fracture不规则骨irregular bones软骨内骨化endochondral ossification骨髓腔marrow cavity松骨质spongy bone密骨质 compact bone破骨细胞osteoclast成骨细胞osteoblast蛋白溶解酶 protein-digesting enzyme镁缺乏magnesium deficiency胃肠道gastrointestinal tract生长激素growth hormone骺软骨epiphyseal cartilage青春期早熟 premature puberty骨钙丧失 loss of calcium from bones骨基质有机成分 the organic portion of bone matrix 1. The brain is protected in the cranial cavity of the skull and also covered by protective membranes called meninges.脑位于颅腔内受到保护，外层覆盖着称为脑膜的保护膜。 2. The lowest part of the brain stem is the medulla oblongata. Immediately above the medulla lies the pons and above that the midbrain. Together these three structures are called the brain stem.脑干最下部分为延髓。髓质正上方为脑桥，脑桥上方为中脑。3个结构统称为脑干。 3. Most of our knowledge about cerebellar functions has come from observing patients who have some sort of disease of the cerebellum and from animals who have had the cerebellum removed. 我们对小脑机能的认识来自于对患有某种小脑疾病的病人和摘除小脑后的动物的观察。 4. If you were to look at the outer surface