Export-biased(出口偏向).pptVIP

Import tariffs and export subsidies Import tariffs are taxes levied on imports; Export subsidies are payments given to domestic producers who sell a good abroad. Case study Import tariffs and export subsidies in China. 我国的进口关税 经国务院批准，从2005年1月1日起，我国将进一步降低进口关税，关税总水平将由10.4％降低至9.9％，涉及降税的共900多个税目。 据了解，2005年农产品平均税率将由15.6％降低到15.3％；工业品平均税率将由9.5％降低到9.0％。其中，水产品平均税率为10.5％，木材、纸及其制品为4.6％，纺织品和服装为11.4％，化工产品为6.9％，交通工具为13.3％，机械产品为8.0％，电子产品为9.1％ ，进口汽车为３０％(２００６年１月１日再降到２８％，２００６年７月１日降到２５％的目标税率)。 我国的出口补贴 在计划经济下，国家垄断全部外贸，国营外贸公司只要能够完成出口计划，全部亏损由国家财政补贴。1990年为与国际惯例接轨，取消了财政出口补贴。 我国小农业的生产成本较高，许多农产品国内价格已高于国际价格，例如在1995年时，二者之比为：大米166%，玉米138%，小麦116%。到2005年时，我国的小农经济不会有重大改变，届时无出口补贴，农产品如何出口？农民卖粮难，收入下降的局面很可能发生。 2005年4月有关媒体已披露我国玉米出口补贴政策，出口玉米一吨至少能补203元。 The distinctive feature of tariffs and export subsidies is that they create a difference between prices at which goods are traded on the world market and their prices within a country. The direct effect of a tariff is to make imported goods more expensive inside a country than they are outside. An export subsidy raises the price of exported goods inside a country than they are outside. Import tariffs and export subsidies affect both relative supply and relative demand. Relative demand and supply effects of a tariff Tariffs drive a wedge(楔子) between the prices at which goods are traded internationally and the prices at which they are traded within a country . If home imposes a 20 percent tariff on the value of food imports: The home producers will face a lower relative cloth price and will produce less cloth and more food. The home consumers will shift their consumption toward cloth and away from food. * Chapter 5 The Standard Trade Model (continue) 一、A Standard Model of a Trading Economy (continue) Last time we have learned the biased economic growth, now let us to study relativ