SA02.3 Style 黑板 虚拟机 独立组件.pptVIP

程序执行的当前状态 * * 当逻辑很复杂时，不宜用if-else结构表示 * 使用模式匹配搜索来寻找规则，并在正确时机应用正确的规则的虚拟机 * 仍然是 1引擎+3存储区 的结构 * 完成任务需要多个proc协同，prco间的协同通过msg完成 * * Hearsay II Model 黑板结构是一个六至八层的层次结构，每一层都抽象了与之相邻的较低一层的信息 黑板元素代表了关于语音解释的假设 知识源代表整个问题求解中的独立的子任务，比如分割原始信号、识别音素、产生候选词、假定语法片断、提供语义解释 每个知识源被组织成一个条件部分和一个动作部分，条件部分规定什么时候知识源可用，动作部分负责处理相关的黑板元素并产生新的元素 控制构件作为黑板的监控程序和调度程序；通常将黑板知识源应用到黑板中各种元素具有优先次序，调度程序负责监控黑板和计算的优先次序。 * Software Architecture Style:  Virtual Machine 为什么Java可以“一次书写，多处运行”？ 如何在PC上开发iPhone上的程序？ 什么是虚拟机？ 一种软件 创建了虚拟的环境 屏蔽了底层平台 分类： 系统级（硬件虚拟机）：可以把一台电脑虚拟为运行不同OS的多台电脑 进程级（应用程序虚拟机）：JVM 机器聚合：云计算 * * Virtual Machines体系结构的成员 Interpreters Simulate functionality which is not native to the hardware Rule-based systems Specialization of an interpreter Other Syntactic（句法的） shells Command language processors 虚拟机在高层和底层间建立屏障，但如何把高层的请求映射到底层硬件/OS来执行？ * Interpreter Problem: This pattern is suitable for applications in which the most appropriate language or machine for executing the solution is not directly available. The pattern is also suitable for applications in which the core problem is defining a notation for expressing solutions, for example as scripts. Interpreters are sometimes used in chains, translating from the desired language/machine to an available language/machine in a series of stages. Context: The interpreter will most often be designed to bridge the gap between the desired machine or language and some (possibly virtual) machine or language already supported by the execution environment. 解释器是用来“执行其他程序的程序”，很多脚本语言都采用解释的方式运行，即程序源代码直接被解释执行（不需编译）。浏览器也是典型的解释器。 * Interpreter Solution: System model: virtual machine Components: one state machine (the execution engine) and three memories (current state of execution engine在某时刻需要执行哪些命令, program being interpreted, current state of program being interpreted) Connectors: data access and procedure call Control structure: usually state-transition（状态转移） for execution engine; input driven for selection of what to interpret Significant Variants: Expert systems are o