语法：定语从句 2012.5.11.docVIP

中考英语重点句法考点：从句The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 【关系代词和关系副词的用法】 关系代词的基本用法 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等常见的关系代词有：who, that, which下表所示： 作宾语 作定语 指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose 指物 which/that which/that/省略 whose 关系代词whowhom whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语An architect is a person who designs buildings. I don’t like people who talk much but do little. Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略 Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago.  whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语 The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? （关系代词whose指代先行词hotel，正式用法应该用of whichwhose window=the window of which，意思是：the window of the hotel） （）关系代词which的用法 which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略 I do not like stories which have unhappy endings. （which可以换成that） Tom works for a factory which makes watches. （which可以换成that） （三）关系代词that的用法 that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略 Is she the girl that sells newspapers? （that可以换成who） Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge? （that可以换成which） Is this the book that you want to buy? （that可以换成which，在定语从句作宾语，还可以省略） 常用的关系副词只有三个：when, where, why在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语 先行词 关系副词及相应介词结构 时间 day, year, date, time… when=during/in…which 地点 The place, the city, Xiamen… where=in/from…which 原因 the reason why =for which （）关系副词when的用法 关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间，when在定语从句作时间状语 In Beijing, July and August are the months when it rains very often. （when先行词是months） Do you remember the day when we first went to the Summer Palace?  I haven’t seen her since the year when I left Tokyo. （二）关系副词where的用法 关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点，where在定语从句作地点状语During the Spring Festival, I went back to the town where I was brought up.  This is the house where I was born. This is the place where Li Bai once lived. 【