表观遗传学与人类表观基因组计划.pdfVIP

现代生物医学进展 Progress in Modern Biomedicine 2009 Vol.9 No.2 ·365 · 表观遗传学与人类表观基因组计划 △ 高 原 周剑涛 夏德宜 （黄冈卫生学校生物化学教研室湖北黄州438000） 摘要：表观遗传学已被用来描述许多生物学过程，成为生物学与医学领域中热点的学科之一。本文简要介绍表观遗传学与表观遗 传基因组学的概念、人类表观基因组计划研究的目标与意义，并阐述DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑和非编码微小RNA . , 等表观遗传学调控基因表达的机制。我们已经认识到人类疾病基因缺损可能部分或完全与表观遗传有关所以研究疾病状态下 非突变的、可逆的表观遗传调节，以及治疗的可能性具有重要实际意义。 DNA 关键词：表观遗传学； 甲基化；表观遗传基因组学；人类表观基因组计划 中图分类号：Q341 ，R394.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-6273 （2009）02-365-03 Epigenetics and Human Epigenomics Project △ GAO Yuan, ZHOU Jian -tao , XIA De-yi Dep artment of Biochemistry, Huanggang Health School, Hubei, Huangzhou, 438000, China （ ） ABSTRACT: The epigenetics has been used to describe many types of biological processes. Epigenetics is one of the hottest topics in biology and medicine. This article reviewed the current definition of epigenetics and epigenomics, and the goals and significances of the human epigenomics project. In addition, we expatiated the epigenetic mechanisms on how to regulate gene expression by DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding micro-RNA in this article. We have known that a major theme of the series is that lesions in human disease genes can be partly or entirely epigenetic. Therefore, there is also an obvious practical moti- vation to study epigenetic gene regulation in disease states: as a nonmutational and reversible process, it is, at least in principle, amenable to therapy. Key words: