《高分子科学导论》热固性树脂.pptVIP

Properties of Silicon resin 热稳定性。硅树脂的 Si-O 键有较高的键能（363kJ/mol），所以比较稳定，耐热性和耐高温性能均很高。一般说来其热稳定性范围可达200～250℃，特殊类型的树脂可以更高一些。 力学性能。硅树脂固化后的力学性能不高，若在大分子主链上引进氯代苯基，可提高力学性能。硅树脂玻璃纤维层压板的层间粘接强度较差，受热时弯曲强度有较大幅度的下降。若在主链中引入亚苯基，可提高刚性、强度及使用温度。 电性能。硅树脂具有优良的电绝缘性能，它的击穿强度、耐高压电弧及电火花性能均较优异。受电弧及电火花作用时，树脂即使裂解而除去有机基团，表面剩下的二氧化硅同样具有良好的介电性能。 憎水性。硅树脂的吸水性很低，水珠在其表面只能滚落而不能润湿。因此，在潮湿的环境条件下，有机硅树脂玻璃纤维增强复合材料仍能保持其优良的性能。 耐腐蚀性能。硅树脂玻璃纤维增强复合材料可而浓度（质量）10%～30%硫酸、10%盐酸、10%～15%氢氧化钠、2%碳酸钠及3%过氧化氢。醇类、脂肪烃和润滑油对它的影响较小，但耐浓硫酸及某些溶剂（如四氯化碳、丙酮和甲苯）的能力较差。 Application of silicon resin Urethane resin A polyurethane, IUPAC abbreviation PUR, but commonly abbreviated PU, is any polymer consisting of a chain of organic units joined by urethane (carbamate) links (-O-CO-NH-). Polyurethane polymers are formed through step-growth polymerization by reacting a monomer containing at least two isocyanate functional groups with another monomer containing at least two hydroxyl (alcohol) groups in the presence of a catalyst. Reaction of multi-functional monomers (number of functional group of the monomer ≥ 3) will result in a cross-linked urethane resin. HO R OH N R’ N C O C O + n n O R O C O NH R’ NH C O [ n ] polyurethane Diisocyanate NCO CH3 NCO toluene diisocyanate (TDI) NCO CH2 OCN diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) NCO OCN p-phenylene diisocyante (PPDI) NCO NCO naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI) NCO OCN CH3 H3C o-tolidine diisocyanate (TODI). (CH2)6 NCO OCN hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) NCO OCN cyclohexane diisocyanate (CHDI) Aromatic diisocyanate Aliphatic diisocyanate Polyol CH2CH2 OH HO OH (CH2)3 HO O (CH2)3 CH2CH2 OH O H ( ) n Bi-functional Glycol Dipropylene glycol Polyethylene glycol Tri-functional CH2 OH HO CH2 CH2 OH Glycerin CH2 OH HO CH2 CH2 CH2OH CH3 Tri-hydroxymethyl propane Tetra-functional Toluenediamine NH2 H2N CH3 CH2 OH HO CH2 CH2 CH2OH CH2OH Pentaerythritol Penta-functional: xylitol (木糖醇) Hexa-functional: sorbitol (山梨醇), mannitol (甘露醇) Multi-functional: polyester polyol (聚酯多元醇), polyether polyol (聚醚多元醇), Polyurethane f