情境与权威类型对儿童道德情绪判断和归因的影响.docVIP

  情境与权威类型对儿童道德情绪判断和归 因的影响 李占星，牛玉柏** 5 （浙江理工大学心理学系，杭州 310018） 摘要：实验以 90 个 7～8 岁儿童为被试，采用 3×3 的组间设计，研究了情境与权威类型对 儿童道德情绪判断和归因的影响。结果表明，情境类型的主效应显著，较之于损人行为情境 和不履行亲社会行为情境，儿童更倾向于认为亲社会行为情境中行为者会产生更多的积极情 10 15 20 25 30 35 绪。情境与权威类型的交互作用显著，在损人行为情境中被试更倾向于认为高权威目睹比低 权威和非权威目睹行为者产生更多的消极情绪，而其他两种情境中则无此差异。三种情境中 儿童均倾向于采用道德归因，在结果和移情定向上三种情境间存在显著差异，损人行为情境 更倾向于采用结果定向，不履行亲社会行为情境更倾向于采用移情定向。在奖惩定向上，三 种权威类型之间也存在显著差异，高权威目睹条件儿童更倾向于采用奖惩定向，且更倾向于 认为行为者应该受到惩罚。 关键词：发展与教育心理学；情境；权威类型；道德情绪判断；道德情绪归因 中图分类号：B844.1 Effects of situation and authority types on children’s moral emotion judgment and attribution. LI Zhanxing, NIU Yubai (Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-tech University, 310018) Abstract: Experiment adopted a 3×3 between subject design, with 90 7～8 aged children as participants, and aimed at examining the effects of situation and authority types on children’s moral emotion judgment and attribution. As the result showed, the main effect of situation was significant. Comparing the victimizing context and the context of failing to act prosocially, children tended to judge the actor’s emotion would be more positive in prosocial context. Besides, there was also significant interaction between situation and the authority types, that is, subjects tended to think that actors would display more negative emotions when high-authority rather than low- or non-authority have found their behavior in victimizing context, but this effect did not exist in other two contexts. Children tended to adopt the moral-orientation attribution across all three situations, but only in the outcome-orientation and the empathy- orientation the difference was significant among situations, with the outcome-orientation appeared more in the victimizing context, and the empathy-orientation appeared more in the context of failing to act prosocially. With regard to the reward/punishment-orientation, there was significant variation among three authority types, for this orientation and punishment justification appeared more wh