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Two Sides to Labor in China HONG KONG — The shorter workweeks and higher pay that Apple’s biggest contract manufacturer, Foxconn, has promised would mean fundamental changes to factory work in China — assuming enough workers can be found in the first place.No worker is likely to oppose higher hourly pay, of course. But one reason that workweeks of 60 hours or more have been possible at factories run by Foxconn and others is that at least some laborers already on the payroll have wanted the extra hours. Perhaps just as important: there is a growing shortage of blue-collar workers willing to work in China’s factories. This shortage is a big factor in the long shifts and workweeks manufacturers have used to meet production quotas. It has already been forcing wages higher in China’s industrial heartland. That does not mean the work is not also grueling(累垮人的) and sometimes even dangerous, as the Fair Labor Association said in a report on Foxconn it released on Thursday. But it could mean that even if Foxconn intends to carry out its promises, the Chinese labor market may not be able to respond quickly. “This is an evolutionary process,” said Ricardo Ernst, professor of global logistics at the McDonough School of Business at Georgetown University. “The United States has a particular working environment in terms of shape and conditions, and you shouldn’t necessarily expect?tomorrow morning to see the same working environment in Asia.” Labor shortages are already so acute in many Chinese industrial zones that factories struggle to find enough people to operate their assembly lines. Factories often pay fees to agents who try to recruit workers arriving on long-haul buses and trains from distant provinces. At midday this month in Guangzhou, the capital of the industrial Guandong province, about 100 workers stood outside the gray gates of the factory complex of one of Foxconn’s many rivals in consumer electronics, Liteon. Behind them stood a couple of dozen agents hoping