北京师范大学博士入学考试试题英语2009年部分及答案.pdfVIP

华慧教育 专业 ▪ 权威 ▪ 轻松 ▪ 快乐 北师大 2009 年考博英语试题阅读及答案 北师大的英语试题总体上感觉题量较大，阅读理解有 7 篇，而且文章的内容都不少，而听力、翻译和 summary 的难 度基本和往年差不多。 考完之后才知道，7 篇阅读理解中间竟然有 5、6 篇来自北京大学的历年真题中，实在是太不可思议啦，看来在准备 英语考试应该多做些各个高校的英语考博真题啊。 我大概记得 惩罚制度那个是 01 吸烟是 05 年 祖父故事是 07 研究方法是 06 年/ 考博英语阅读理解试题一篇师大 2009 （北大2007 年） Passage Three For gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two related research designs: longitudinal and cross-sectional., A longitudinal study is one that measures a behavior or a characteristic of an individual over a period of time, perhaps decades. An example of such a study is the Berkeley Growth Study begun in 1928 by Nancy Bayley. The study focused on a group of 74 white, middle-class newborns. As they grew older, extensive measures of their intellectual, personality, and motor development were recorded. The subjects were studied for more than thirty years. The longitudinal research design is a powerful technique for seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development. Also, differences in or stability of behaviors or characteristics at different ages can be determined. Longitudinal studies, however, are expensive to conduct, time-consuming, and heavily contingent on the patience and persistence of the researchers. The findings of a longitudinal study may be jeopardized by relocation of subjects to another part of the country and by boredom or irritation at repeated testing. Another disadvantage is that society changes from one time to another and the subjects participating in the study reflect to some degree such changes. The methods of study or the questions guiding the researchers may also change from one time to another. If properly conducted, however, longitudinal studies can produce usef