近临界水条件下的稠油中沥青质催化降解实验研究.docVIP

  近临界水条件下的稠油中沥青质催化降解 实验研究# 刘永建，赵法军* 5 10 15 20 25 30 （东北石油大学教育部重点实验室，黑龙江大庆 163318） 摘要：利用高温高压反应釜研究了以自制的油溶性有机酸亚铁盐作为催化剂进行稠油中沥青 质降解反应。正交试验确定了最佳反应条件为：反应温度 240，反应时间 24h，催化剂用 量 0.6wt%(以沥青质质量计算)。对反应前后的沥青质进行了元素测定，发现反应后 H/C 原 子比增加，S 含量的降低，沥青质相对分子质量的下降主要是桥链硫醚和桥链及侧链脂肪单 元断裂的结果。采用红外光谱对反应前后沥青质的结构进行了测定，反应后沥青质中重质组 分的结构发生了变化，重质组分的减少，轻质组分的增多。催化剂的加入可以降低沥青质分 子内及分子间的极性相互作用，使沥青质分子骨架在空间里尽可能呈现松弛状态，与沥青质 分子中的杂原子发生了作用，使部分氢键被破坏，部分 C-R 键发生断裂。 关键词：注蒸汽；稠油；沥青质；催化；降解 中图分类号：TE35 Experimental Study on Catalyzed Asphaltine Degradation of Heavy Oil in Near-critical Water Liu Yongjian, Zhao Fajun (Key laboratory of the Ministry of Education at the Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318) Abstract: This paper studied the self-made organic oil soluble nickel salt as a catalyst which carried out asphaltine degradation of heavy oil under the condition of high temperature and high pressure. Orthogonal test determined the optimized reaction condition: reaction temperature 240℃; reaction hour 24h; catalyst 0.6wt% （calculated by mass of asphaltine). Asphaltine was tested in element determination before and after reaction, it was discovered that atomic ratio of H/C increased, S contents reduced after the reaction, reduction of relative molecular mass was mainly due to the fracture between bridge chains of sulfuret and bridge or side chains of fats units. Infrared spectrum tested asphaltine structure before and after reaction. Heavy components structure has changed after reaction, heavy components reduced and light components increased. Adding catalyst can decrease inter and intra effect of asphaltine molecular polarity, which left scaffold in a relaxed state, took effect with heteroatoms, destroyed hydrogen bond and fractured partial C-R bonds. Key words: steam injection, heavy oil, asphaltine, catalysis, degradation 35 0 引 言 稠油是全球石油资源的重要组成部分，通常估计稠油资源约为常规油的 10 倍以上。稠 油(包括超稠油)属于由高分子烃和杂原子成分组成的环烷基原油[1]。其突出的特点是沥青质 胶质含量高，一般含蜡量较少，因而原油粘度很高，流动困难，开采难度很大，过去很长时 40 期无法开采[2]。 热力开采稠油如蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱是提高采收率的主