chapter3 Eddy Currents, Surface Impedance and Loss Mechanisms资料.pdfVIP

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6.685 Electric Machines Class Notes 3: Eddy Currents, Surface Impedances and Loss Mechanisms February 11, 2004 c 2003 James L. Kirtley Jr. 1 Introduction Losses in electric machines arise from conduction and magnetic hysteresis. Conduction losses are attributed to straightforward transport conduction and to eddy currents. Transport losses are relatively easy to calculate so we will not pay them much attention. Eddy currents are more interesting and result in frequency dependent conduction losses in machines. Eddy currents in linear materials can often be handled rigorously, but eddy currents in saturat- ing material are more difficult and are often handled in a heuristic fashion. We present here both analytical and semi-emiprical ways of dealing with such losses. We start with surface impedance: the ratio of electric field to surface current. This is important not just in calculating machine losses, but also in describing how some machines operate. 2 Surface Impedance of Uniform Conductors The objective of this section is to describe the calculation of the surface impedance presented by a layer of conductive material. Two problems are considered here. The first considers a layer of linear material backed up by an infinitely permeable surface. This is approximately the situation presented by, for example, surface mounted permanent magnets and is probably a decent approximation to the conduction mechanism that would be responsible for loss due to asynchronous harmonics in these machines. It is also appropriate for use in estimating losses in solid rotor induction machines and in the poles of turbogenerators. The second problem, which we do not work here but simply present the previo