国外新型结构陶瓷课件.ppt

Ceramics Ceramics A wide-ranging group of materials whose ingredients are clays, sand and felspar. Clays Contain some of the following: Silicon Aluminium as silicates Potassium compounds Magnesium compounds Calcium compounds Sand contains Silica and Feldspar or Aluminium Potassium Silicate. Types of Ceramics Whitewares Refractories Glasses Abrasives Cements Comparison metals v ceramics Bonded Clay Ceramics Made from natural clays and mixtures of clays and added crystalline ceramics. These include: Whitewares Structural Clay Products Refractory Ceramics Whitewares Crockery Floor and wall tiles Sanitary-ware Electrical porcelain Decorative ceramics Whiteware: Bathrooms Slip Casting Whitewares Refractories Firebricks for furnaces and ovens. Have high Silicon or Aluminium oxide content. Brick products are used in the manufacturing plant for iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, glass, cements, ceramics, energy conversion, petroleum, and chemical industries. Refractories Used to provide thermal protection of other materials in very high temperature applications, such as steel making (Tm=1500°C), metal foundry operations, etc.  They are usually composed of alumina (Tm=2050°C) and silica along with other oxides: MgO (Tm=2850°C), Fe2O3, TiO2, etc., and have intrinsic porosity typically greater than 10% by volume.  Specialized refractories, (those already mentioned) and BeO, ZrO2, mullite, SiC, and graphite with low porosity are also used. Refractory Brick Amorphous Ceramics (Glasses) Main ingredient is Silica (SiO2) If cooled very slowly will form crystalline structure. If cooled more quickly will form amorphous structure consisting of disordered and linked chains of Silicon and Oxygen atoms. This accounts for its transparency as it is the crystal boundaries that scatter the light, causing reflection. Glass can be tempered to increase its toughness and resistance to cracking. Glass Types Three common types of glass: Soda-lime glass - 95% of all glass, wi