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下部结构 substructure桥墩 pier 墩身 pier body墩帽 pier cap, pier coping台帽 abutment cap, abutment coping 盖梁 bent cap　　又称“帽梁”。重力式[桥]墩 gravity pier实体[桥]墩 solid pier空心[桥]墩 hollow pier柱式[桥]墩 column pier, shaft pier单柱式[桥]墩 single-columned pier, single shaft pier双柱式[桥]墩 two-columned pier, two shaft pier排架桩墩 pile-bent pier丫形[桥]墩 Y-shaped pier柔性墩 flexible pier制动墩 braking pier, abutment pier单向推力墩 single direction thrusted pier抗撞墩 anti-collision pier锚墩 anchor pier辅助墩 auxiliary pier破冰体 ice apron防震挡块 anti-knock block, restrain block桥台 abutment台身 abutment body前墙 front wall　　又称“胸墙”。翼墙 wing wall　　又称“耳墙”。U形桥台 U-abutment八字形桥台 flare wing-walled abutment一字形桥台 head wall abutmentT形桥台 T-abutment箱形桥台 box type abutment拱形桥台 arched abutment重力式桥台 gravity abutment埋置式桥台 buried abutment扶壁式桥台 counterfort abutment, buttressed abutment衡重式桥台 weight-balanced abutment锚碇板式桥台 anchored bulkhead abutment支撑式桥台 supported type abutment　　又称“轻型桥台”。组合式桥台 composite abutment[桥]台后回填 back filling behind abutment桥梁基础 bridge foundation浅基础 shallow foundation深基础 deep foundation明挖基础 open cut foundation扩大基础 spread foundation沉井基础 open caisson foundation沉井刃脚 caisson cutting edge气压沉箱基础 pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础 colonnade foundation双壁钢围堰钻孔桩基础 double-walled steel cofferdam and bored pile foundation墩式基础 pier-foundation桩基础 pile foundation排架桩基础 pile-bent foundation高承台桩基础 high-rise platform pile foundation桩 pile单桩 individual pile, single pile群桩 pile group　　又称“桩群”。斜桩 battered pile, raked pile锚桩 anchor pile主桩 key pile预制桩 precast pile[钢筋]混凝土桩 concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pile木桩 timber pile钢桩 steel pile钢管桩 steel pipe pile混凝土管桩 concrete pipe pile钻孔桩 bored pile就地灌注桩 cast-in-situ pile沉管灌注桩 tube-sinking cast-in-situ pile板桩 sheet pile微型桩 mini-pile　　又称“小型桩”。扩底桩 under-reamed pile支挡桩 soldier pile抗滑桩 anti-slide pile排土桩 displacement pile非排土桩 non-displacement pile摩擦桩 friction pile支承桩 bearing pile嵌岩桩 socketed pile挖孔桩 cast-in-situ pile by excavation打入桩 dr