奎因逻辑真理理论研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 摘 要 奎因是美国当代重要的哲学家和逻辑学家,其逻辑真理理论在逻辑思想史中占有重 要地位。奎因逻辑真理理论的论研究继承了外延主义的逻辑分析方法,吸取了整体主义 思想,借鉴了实用主义思想,并对逻辑语义学有所继承和发展。 作为一名唯名论者, 奎因站在唯名论的哲学立场,通过对命题、判断、语句三者关 系的研究,从本体论角度否定意义的实体性,在对经验论教条的批判过程中揭示出意义 的不确定性,进而达到否定命题的目的。在从唯名论立场对作为语句意义的命题进行否 定之后,奎因对语句的类型和功能进行深入的研究,最终将真值始终保持不变的永真句 作为真之载体。在确定真之载体为语句的过程中,奎因鲜明地揭示出了逻辑真理的内涵: 一个逻辑真理,就是这样一个陈述,它是真的,而且在给予它除逻辑常词以外的所有成分 以一切不同解释的情况下,它也仍然是真的。在此基础上,明确地给出对逻辑真理进行判 定的五种逻辑方法:即根据结构为真、根据替换为真、根据模型为真、根据证明程序为 真、根据语法为真。 奎因真理理论的研究体现出了经验主义和真理融贯论特征。与以往的真理理论相比, 奎因逻辑真理理论研究充分显示了逻辑真理既是可修正的,又是相对稳定的特性；与此 同时,也明显地表现出了逻辑真理定义的不清晰性缺陷。 关键词： 命题 语句 真值载体 逻辑真理 I Abstract Abstract Quine is an important contemporary American philosopher and logician, and his theory of logic truth plays an important part in academic of Logic. During the researching of logic truth, Quine inherited extensional analysis method of logic, absorbed thought of Holism, referenced the thought of pragmatism and developped logical semantics. As one of nominalists, Quine refused the meaning as entity from ontology, through researching the relations among propositions, Judgments and sentences. In the procession of the critilization about empiricism dogmas, Quine revealed uncertainty of meaning to achieve the purpose of negating propositions as being statements meaning. Standing the position of nominalist, Quine researched about the type and function of statements. Finally, Quine determined permanent sentence as truth-bearers. After determining permanent sentence as true- bearers, Quinn vividly reveals the contents of the logical truth: A logical truth is such a statement that it is true in the different interpretations apart from logical constant terms, and it also remains true.