基于FPGA的视频信号采集与处理系统.doc

摘 要 图像是人类获取和交换信息的主要来源，图像处理的应用领域涉及到人类生活和工作的方方面面航天和航空技术工业和工程军事公安生物医学工程 Abstract The image is human access and exchanges the primary source of information. Nowadays, Image processing applications have involved human life and all aspects of the work, such as aerospace and aviation technology, industry and engineering, military police, biomedical engineering and so on. In the image processing system, Real-time image collection is the head part of the whole system, is also the most important part of the whole system. Part of the image acquisition speed and quality, directly affect the image processing system and the algorithm after processing and the application. This paper mainly designs image processing system, namely the head part of video signal collection. This paper applied to the design of CMOS image sensor to the outside world OV7670 real-time image acquisition. Through the FPGA design inside the initialization of the module of image sensor output signal format configuration. According to its output signal timing, In the FPGA design inside acquisition cell. The data collected one way to TFT LCD screen on the real-time display, and the other way into an SRAM cache, when a frame image storage completed, processing the image in the NIOS II MCU. And the result of processing, storage to external storage SD card. Key words：FPGA; Real-time image; CMOS; Image acquisition 目 录 1 前 言 1 1.1 数字图像处理发展史 1 1.2 系统整体设计 3 2 CMOS原理和特性及CMOS摄像头的基本结构 4 2.1 CMOS原理及特性 4 2.1.1 CMOS数字图像传感器基本原理 4 2.1.2 CMOS图像传感器的特性 5 2.2 COMS传感器的基本结构 6 2.2.1 OV7670简介 6 2.2.2 OV7670内部结构 8 3 系统设计及硬件实现 12 3.1 系统结构及工作流程 12 3.1.1系统结构 12 3.1.2系统工作流程 12 3.2器件选型及硬件电路实现 12 3.2.1 FPGA选型 12 3.2.2 FPGA配置电路 13 3.2.3 SDRAM电路实现 15 3.2.4 SRAM电路实现 17 3.2.5其他硬件电路 18 4 系统软件设计 19 4.1 软件设计概述 19 4.2 VHDL简介及特点 20 4.3 OV7670初始化模块 21 4.4 OV7670数据采集模块 23 4.5 SRAM控制模块和TFT液晶控制模块 25 4.6 MCU单元设计 26 4.6.1 SOPC Builder简介 26 4.6.2主控制单元MCU的实现 28 4.7 NIOS II软件开发 29 4.7.1 NIOS II集成开发环境 29 4.7.2 MCU软件设计 30 4.7.3简单运动检测 31 4.7.4 BMP图片存储 32 5 总结与展