外文翻译--中国的城市化进程和农业人口的转型.docVIP

本科毕业论文外文翻译 The Transformation of the Agricultural Population and the Urbanisation Process in China China has a population of over one billion population, 800 million of whom are farmers. It is because of this that China needs to be built into a socialist country with its own characteristics. There is an old Chinese saying: a festival will be better with fewer people, but farming better with more hands. Due to the present condition of more people but less farmland, however, more hands may not necessarily benefit farming. If five people farm land just enough for three, naturally, productivity decreases. In the course of the modernisation of agriculture, more and more labour will be increasingly replaced by machines. Great changes have taken place in the Second Brigade of the Fifth Branch of the National Friendship Farm in Heilongjiang Province since new agricultural machinery was adopted in 1978. Initially there were 236 farmers and 15,000 mu(one mu=0.067 hectare) of cultivated land. Since new machines were introduced, farmland has expanded to 19,400 mu, but only 20 farmers are needed. That is to say, the area of farmland per farmer has increased from 63 mu to 971 mu. As a result, nearly 300 labourers have been freed from farming, some of whom went to reclaim wasteland, and the others to work on water conservation projects. Faced with the need to modernise agriculture, we can neither use large numbers of machines to push aside labour, nor slow down the pace of modernisation because of the large population. This is the population problem associated with agricultural modernisation. In China, 80 per cent of new labourers are annually provided with jobs in the countryside. However, only in combination with the means of production can labourers realise their productive capacity. So the first contradiction we face is that of more people farming less land. Between 1952 and 1978, the agricultural labour force increased by 73 per cent, but the farmland in 1977 decreased by