基于单片机实现的超声波测距仪的毕业设计.doc

超声波测距仪的设计 摘要：超声波测距应用十分广泛。论文在分析可行性、可靠性的基础上，参照工程设计方法，确立了结构化设计的思路。本文设计了一套超声波检测系统，该系统是一种基于AT89C51 单片机的超声波测距系统,它根据超声波在空气中传播的反射原理, 以超声波传感器为接口部件, 应用单片机技术和超声波在空气中的时间差来测量距离。该系统主要由主控制器模块、超声波发射模块、超声波接收模块和显示模块等四个模块构成。设计利用51单片机系统的I/O口，使超声波传感器发出40KHz的超声波，反射回来的超声波信号，经过放大和整形电路进入单片机，比较调试后确定其对应的距离，完成测距。可实现3米内测距，盲区7厘米，具有LCD显示功能。 关键词：超声波；超声波传感器；AT89C51单片机；LCD显示单元；测距仪 Abstract: The ultrasonic ranging application is extremely widespread. After the feasibility and reliability has been analysised, the structure design technique was established. This article introduces an ultrasonic distance measurement based on the AT89C51 single-chip computer, the system according to ultrasound in the air reflection principles of the dissemination. And it uses the ultrasound sensor as interface components for the application of the distance measure based by single-chip computer technology and the margin of time that ultrasound transmit in air, thereby the systems of design of ultrasonic test comes into being. The system primarily composed by the four modules : the controller module,ultrasonic launch module, ultrasound receiving module and display modular. The I/O ports of the 51 single-chip computer were used to cause the ultrasonic transducer to send out the 40kHz ultrasonic wave. The reflected signal enter the 51 after the enlargement and feedback circuit, and the system will complete the range finder by debugging the corresponding distance. This design can realize 3 meters in range finders, with the 7 centimeters blind spot, The system have the LCD demonstration. Keywords: ultrasonic, ultrasonic sensor, AT89C51 single-chip computer, LCD display unit, range finder 目 录 第1章 绪 论 1 1.1课题背景 1 1.2 论文研究内容 3 1.2.1 研究内容 3 1.2.2各章节主要内容 4 第2章 系统的总体方案设计 5 2.1 超声测距理论基础 5 2.1.1超声波介绍 5 2.1.2 超声波传感器 5 2.1.3 传感器的指向角θ 7 2.1.4 测量盲区 8 2.2 超声波测距原理 9 2.3 超声测距系统组成 10 2.3.1 系统的收发过程 10 2.4方案比较 11 2.4.1 超声波频率及探头的选用 11 2.4.2 发射模块 11 2.4.3 接收模块 11 2.4.4温度补偿 12 2.4.5 显示模块 13 2.4.6 电源模块 14 2.4.7 通信接口选择 14 2.5系统的总体构想 15 2.6