语言学教程教材及习题配套Chapter.pdfVIP

Chapter 3 From Morpheme to Phrase P.F. Productions 130 clause complex 复合句 clause 小句 word group / phrase 短语/词组 word 词 morpheme 语素 P.F. Productions 131  boys = boy + -s checking = check + -ing disappointment = dis- + appoint + -ment  Morpheme: the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content, a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical.  a minimal unit of lexical or grammatical meaning  Morphology (形态学): The study of internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. e.g. adj.+ - ify → verb: purify, amplify, electrify, falsify  It is a systematic study of morpheme. P.F. Productions 132 Free morpheme and bound morpheme Root, affix and stem Inflectional affix and derivational affix P.F. Productions 133  In terms of their capacity of occurring alone  Free morphemes: those which may occur alone, i.e. those which may constitute words by themselves, e.g. dog, nation, close  All mono-morphemic words are free morphemes.  Compounds: poly-morphemic words which consist wholly of free morphemes are called compounds, e.g. paymaster, moonwalk, babysit, godfather, sunflower  Bound morphemes: those which cannot occur alone, distempered: dis-, temper, -ed P.F. Productions 134 Poly-morphemic words other than compounds may be divided into roots and affixes. A root is the base form of a word that